Editing Guide - Material React Table V2 Docs

Editing Feature Guide

If your tables need full CRUD functionality, you can enable editing features in Material React Table.

There are five visually distinct editing modes to choose from, whether you want to let users edit data in a modal, inline one row at a time, one cell at a time, or just always have editing enabled for every cell, or a completely custom editing UI.

Relevant Table Options

#	Type	Default Value	More Info Links
1	'modal' \| 'cell' \| 'row' \| 'table' \| 'custom	'modal'	MRT Editing Docs

2	boolean \| (row: MRT_Row) => boolean		MRT Editing Docs

3	IconButtonProps \| ({ table }) => IconButtonProps		Material UI Dialog Props

4	TextFieldProps \| ({ cell, column, row, table }) => TextFieldProps		Material UI TextField Props

5	({ row, table }) => void		MRT Editing Docs

6	OnChangeFn<MRT_Row<TData> \| null>

7	({ exitEditingMode, row, table, values}) => Promise<void> \| void		MRT Editing Docs

8	OnChangeFn<MRT_Cell<TData> \| null>

9	({ row, table }) => void		MRT Editing Docs

10	OnChangeFn<MRT_Row<TData> \| null>

11	({ exitEditingMode, row, table, values}) => Promise<void> \| void		MRT Editing Docs

12	({ internalEditComponents, row, table }) => ReactNode

13	({ internalEditComponents, row, table }) => ReactNode

Relevant Column Options

#	Type	Default Value	More Info Links
1	Array<string \| { label: string; value: string }>

2	'text' \| 'select'	'text'

3	boolean \| (row) => boolean

4	TextFieldProps \| ({ cell, column, row, table }) => TextFieldProps		Material UI TextField API

Relevant State Options

	#	State Option	Type	Default Value	More Info Links
	1		MRT_Row

	2		MRT_Cell

	3		MRT_Row

Enable Editing

To enable editing, you first need to set the enableEditing table option to true.

const table = useMaterialReactTable({
  columns,
  data,
  enableEditing: true,
});

However, this is just the first step. You will need to hook up logic and event listeners, but it depends on which editDisplayMode you want to use.

Edit Display Modes

There are five different editDisplayModes to choose from. The default is "modal", but you can also choose "row", "cell", "table", or "custom".

When using the default "modal" editDisplayMode, the user will be presented with a modal dialog where they can edit the data for one row at a time. No data is saved until the user clicks the save button. Clicking the cancel button clears out any changes that were made on that row.

An onEditingRowSave callback function prop must be provided where you will get access to the updated row data so that changes can be processed and saved. It is up to you how you handle the data. This function has a exitEditingMode parameter that must be called in order to exit editing mode upon save. The reason for this is so that you can perform validation checks before letting the modal close.

By default, Material React Table will render all of the cells in the row as text fields in a vertical stack. You can customize or override this behavior with the muiEditRowDialogProps table option, or the renderEditRowDialogContent table option.

const table = useMaterialReactTable({
  columns,
  data,
  enableEditing: true,
  editDisplayMode: 'modal', //default
  onCreatingRowSave: ({ table, values }) => {
    //validate data
    //save data to api
    table.setEditingRow(null); //exit editing mode
  },
  onEditingRowCancel: () => {
    //clear any validation errors
  },
  muiEditRowDialogProps: {
    //optionally customize the dialog
  },
  renderEditRowDialogContent: ({ internalEditComponents, row, table }) => {
    //optionally, completely override the render of the dialog content
    //use `internalEditComponents` to render the generated text fields, or completely render your own form and inputs
  },
});

Row Edit Display Mode

The "row" editDisplayMode works just like the default "modal" editDisplayMode, except that the editing components will render inline in the table instead of in a modal dialog. Only one row is made editable at a time.

By default, you will probably not want to save any data until the user clicks the save button, though you could wire up onChange or onBlur events to save data as the user inputs data.

const table = useMaterialReactTable({
  columns,
  data,
  enableEditing: true,
  editDisplayMode: 'row',
  onEditingRowSave: ({ table, values }) => {
    //validate data
    //save data to api
    table.setEditingRow(null); //exit editing mode
  },
  onEditingRowCancel: () => {
    //clear any validation errors
  },
});

Cell Edit Display Mode

The "cell" editDisplayMode is a bit simpler visually. By default, a user can double-click a cell to activate editing mode, but only for that cell.

Then there is a bit of work for you to do to wire up either the onBlur, onChange, etc., events yourself in order to save the table data. This can be done in the muiEditTextFieldProps table option or column definition option.

const columns = [
  {
    accessor: 'age',
    header: 'Age',
    muiEditTextFieldProps: ({ cell, row, table }) => ({
      onBlur: (event) => {
        //validate data
        //save data to api and/or rerender table
        // table.setEditingCell(null) is called automatically onBlur internally
      },
    }),
  },
];

const table = useMaterialReactTable({
  columns,
  data,
  enableEditing: true,
  editDisplayMode: 'cell',
  //optionally, use single-click to activate editing mode instead of default double-click
  muiTableBodyCellProps: ({ table, cell }) => ({
    onClick: () => {
      table.setEditingCell(cell);
    },
  }),
});

Table Edit Display Mode

The "table" editDisplayMode is similar to the "cell" editDisplayMode, but it simply has all of the data cells in the table become editable all at once. You will most likely wire up all of the logic the same way as the "cell" editDisplayMode.

Custom Edit Display Mode

There is another option if you don't like any of the built-in editDisplayModes UI. If you want to completely handle your own editing UI, you can use the "custom" editDisplayMode. This will give you access to the editingCell, editingRow, and creatingRow state options, but MRT will not render any editing UI for you. This is common for rendering a form in a sidebar or similar.

Enable Creating

New in V2

Material React Table offers new functionality to make creating news rows of data easier. It works just like the editing features, but with separate state options and callbacks. A Blank row is added to the table or modal for the user to fill out and submit.

Create Display Modes

There are just three different createDisplayModes to choose from. The default is "modal", but you can also choose "row" or "custom". They work exactly the same as their editDisplayMode counterparts.

Trigger Create Mode

To trigger a new blank row to be added to the table, we just need to just populate the creatingRow state option with a new blank row. This can be done with the table.setCreatingRow table instance API. You can either pass in true as an argument, or pass in row object with default values.

const table = useMaterialReactTable({
  columns,
  data,
  enableEditing: true,
  editDisplayMode: 'modal',
  createDisplayMode: 'modal',
  onCreatingRowSave: ({ table, values }) => {
    //validate data
    //save data to api
    table.setCreatingRow(null); //exit creating mode
  },
  onCreatingRowCancel: () => {
    //clear any validation errors
  },
  renderTopToolbarCustomActions: ({ table }) => (
    <Button
      onClick={() => {
        table.setCreatingRow(true); //simplest way to open the create row modal with no default values
        //or you can pass in a row object to set default values with the `createRow` helper function
        // table.setCreatingRow(
        //   createRow(table, {
        //     //optionally pass in default values for the new row, useful for nested data or other complex scenarios
        //   }),
        // );
      }}
    >
      Create New User
    </Button>
  ),
});

CRUD Examples

Non TanStack Query Fetching

More Examples

Open Stackblitz Open Code Sandbox Open on GitHub

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Actions	Id	First Name	Last Name	Email	State

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1-10 of 10

This example is written for MRT V2.

If your app is still using MRT V1, either Upgrade to MRT V2 or use the V1 Docs instead. (useMaterialReactTable only exists in V2)

1import { useMemo, useState } from 'react';
2import {
3  MRT_EditActionButtons,
4  MaterialReactTable,
5  // createRow,
6  type MRT_ColumnDef,
7  type MRT_Row,
8  type MRT_TableOptions,
9  useMaterialReactTable,
10} from 'material-react-table';
11import {
12  Box,
13  Button,
14  DialogActions,
15  DialogContent,
16  DialogTitle,
17  IconButton,
18  Tooltip,
19} from '@mui/material';
20import {
21  QueryClient,
22  QueryClientProvider,
23  useMutation,
24  useQuery,
25  useQueryClient,
26} from '@tanstack/react-query';
27import { type User, fakeData, usStates } from './makeData';
28import EditIcon from '@mui/icons-material/Edit';
29import DeleteIcon from '@mui/icons-material/Delete';
30
31const Example = () => {
32  const [validationErrors, setValidationErrors] = useState<
33    Record<string, string | undefined>
34  >({});
35
36  const columns = useMemo<MRT_ColumnDef<User>[]>(
37    () => [
38      {
39        accessorKey: 'id',
40        header: 'Id',
41        enableEditing: false,
42        size: 80,
43      },
44      {
45        accessorKey: 'firstName',
46        header: 'First Name',
47        muiEditTextFieldProps: {
48          type: 'email',
49          required: true,
50          error: !!validationErrors?.firstName,
51          helperText: validationErrors?.firstName,
52          //remove any previous validation errors when user focuses on the input
53          onFocus: () =>
54            setValidationErrors({
55              ...validationErrors,
56              firstName: undefined,
57            }),
58          //optionally add validation checking for onBlur or onChange
59        },
60      },
61      {
62        accessorKey: 'lastName',
63        header: 'Last Name',
64        muiEditTextFieldProps: {
65          type: 'email',
66          required: true,
67          error: !!validationErrors?.lastName,
68          helperText: validationErrors?.lastName,
69          //remove any previous validation errors when user focuses on the input
70          onFocus: () =>
71            setValidationErrors({
72              ...validationErrors,
73              lastName: undefined,
74            }),
75        },
76      },
77      {
78        accessorKey: 'email',
79        header: 'Email',
80        muiEditTextFieldProps: {
81          type: 'email',
82          required: true,
83          error: !!validationErrors?.email,
84          helperText: validationErrors?.email,
85          //remove any previous validation errors when user focuses on the input
86          onFocus: () =>
87            setValidationErrors({
88              ...validationErrors,
89              email: undefined,
90            }),
91        },
92      },
93      {
94        accessorKey: 'state',
95        header: 'State',
96        editVariant: 'select',
97        editSelectOptions: usStates,
98        muiEditTextFieldProps: {
99          select: true,
100          error: !!validationErrors?.state,
101          helperText: validationErrors?.state,
102        },
103      },
104    ],
105    [validationErrors],
106  );
107
108  //call CREATE hook
109  const { mutateAsync: createUser, isPending: isCreatingUser } =
110    useCreateUser();
111  //call READ hook
112  const {
113    data: fetchedUsers = [],
114    isError: isLoadingUsersError,
115    isFetching: isFetchingUsers,
116    isLoading: isLoadingUsers,
117  } = useGetUsers();
118  //call UPDATE hook
119  const { mutateAsync: updateUser, isPending: isUpdatingUser } =
120    useUpdateUser();
121  //call DELETE hook
122  const { mutateAsync: deleteUser, isPending: isDeletingUser } =
123    useDeleteUser();
124
125  //CREATE action
126  const handleCreateUser: MRT_TableOptions<User>['onCreatingRowSave'] = async ({
127    values,
128    table,
129  }) => {
130    const newValidationErrors = validateUser(values);
131    if (Object.values(newValidationErrors).some((error) => error)) {
132      setValidationErrors(newValidationErrors);
133      return;
134    }
135    setValidationErrors({});
136    await createUser(values);
137    table.setCreatingRow(null); //exit creating mode
138  };
139
140  //UPDATE action
141  const handleSaveUser: MRT_TableOptions<User>['onEditingRowSave'] = async ({
142    values,
143    table,
144  }) => {
145    const newValidationErrors = validateUser(values);
146    if (Object.values(newValidationErrors).some((error) => error)) {
147      setValidationErrors(newValidationErrors);
148      return;
149    }
150    setValidationErrors({});
151    await updateUser(values);
152    table.setEditingRow(null); //exit editing mode
153  };
154
155  //DELETE action
156  const openDeleteConfirmModal = (row: MRT_Row<User>) => {
157    if (window.confirm('Are you sure you want to delete this user?')) {
158      deleteUser(row.original.id);
159    }
160  };
161
162  const table = useMaterialReactTable({
163    columns,
164    data: fetchedUsers,
165    createDisplayMode: 'modal', //default ('row', and 'custom' are also available)
166    editDisplayMode: 'modal', //default ('row', 'cell', 'table', and 'custom' are also available)
167    enableEditing: true,
168    getRowId: (row) => row.id,
169    muiToolbarAlertBannerProps: isLoadingUsersError
170      ? {
171          color: 'error',
172          children: 'Error loading data',
173        }
174      : undefined,
175    muiTableContainerProps: {
176      sx: {
177        minHeight: '500px',
178      },
179    },
180    onCreatingRowCancel: () => setValidationErrors({}),
181    onCreatingRowSave: handleCreateUser,
182    onEditingRowCancel: () => setValidationErrors({}),
183    onEditingRowSave: handleSaveUser,
184    //optionally customize modal content
185    renderCreateRowDialogContent: ({ table, row, internalEditComponents }) => (
186      <>
187        <DialogTitle variant="h3">Create New User</DialogTitle>
188        <DialogContent
189          sx={{ display: 'flex', flexDirection: 'column', gap: '1rem' }}
190        >
191          {internalEditComponents} {/* or render custom edit components here */}
192        </DialogContent>
193        <DialogActions>
194          <MRT_EditActionButtons variant="text" table={table} row={row} />
195        </DialogActions>
196      </>
197    ),
198    //optionally customize modal content
199    renderEditRowDialogContent: ({ table, row, internalEditComponents }) => (
200      <>
201        <DialogTitle variant="h3">Edit User</DialogTitle>
202        <DialogContent
203          sx={{ display: 'flex', flexDirection: 'column', gap: '1.5rem' }}
204        >
205          {internalEditComponents} {/* or render custom edit components here */}
206        </DialogContent>
207        <DialogActions>
208          <MRT_EditActionButtons variant="text" table={table} row={row} />
209        </DialogActions>
210      </>
211    ),
212    renderRowActions: ({ row, table }) => (
213      <Box sx={{ display: 'flex', gap: '1rem' }}>
214        <Tooltip title="Edit">
215          <IconButton onClick={() => table.setEditingRow(row)}>
216            <EditIcon />
217          </IconButton>
218        </Tooltip>
219        <Tooltip title="Delete">
220          <IconButton color="error" onClick={() => openDeleteConfirmModal(row)}>
221            <DeleteIcon />
222          </IconButton>
223        </Tooltip>
224      </Box>
225    ),
226    renderTopToolbarCustomActions: ({ table }) => (
227      <Button
228        variant="contained"
229        onClick={() => {
230          table.setCreatingRow(true); //simplest way to open the create row modal with no default values
231          //or you can pass in a row object to set default values with the `createRow` helper function
232          // table.setCreatingRow(
233          //   createRow(table, {
234          //     //optionally pass in default values for the new row, useful for nested data or other complex scenarios
235          //   }),
236          // );
237        }}
238      >
239        Create New User
240      </Button>
241    ),
242    state: {
243      isLoading: isLoadingUsers,
244      isSaving: isCreatingUser || isUpdatingUser || isDeletingUser,
245      showAlertBanner: isLoadingUsersError,
246      showProgressBars: isFetchingUsers,
247    },
248  });
249
250  return <MaterialReactTable table={table} />;
251};
252
253//CREATE hook (post new user to api)
254function useCreateUser() {
255  const queryClient = useQueryClient();
256  return useMutation({
257    mutationFn: async (user: User) => {
258      //send api update request here
259      await new Promise((resolve) => setTimeout(resolve, 1000)); //fake api call
260      return Promise.resolve();
261    },
262    //client side optimistic update
263    onMutate: (newUserInfo: User) => {
264      queryClient.setQueryData(
265        ['users'],
266        (prevUsers: any) =>
267          [
268            ...prevUsers,
269            {
270              ...newUserInfo,
271              id: (Math.random() + 1).toString(36).substring(7),
272            },
273          ] as User[],
274      );
275    },
276    // onSettled: () => queryClient.invalidateQueries({ queryKey: ['users'] }), //refetch users after mutation, disabled for demo
277  });
278}
279
280//READ hook (get users from api)
281function useGetUsers() {
282  return useQuery<User[]>({
283    queryKey: ['users'],
284    queryFn: async () => {
285      //send api request here
286      await new Promise((resolve) => setTimeout(resolve, 1000)); //fake api call
287      return Promise.resolve(fakeData);
288    },
289    refetchOnWindowFocus: false,
290  });
291}
292
293//UPDATE hook (put user in api)
294function useUpdateUser() {
295  const queryClient = useQueryClient();
296  return useMutation({
297    mutationFn: async (user: User) => {
298      //send api update request here
299      await new Promise((resolve) => setTimeout(resolve, 1000)); //fake api call
300      return Promise.resolve();
301    },
302    //client side optimistic update
303    onMutate: (newUserInfo: User) => {
304      queryClient.setQueryData(
305        ['users'],
306        (prevUsers: any) =>
307          prevUsers?.map((prevUser: User) =>
308            prevUser.id === newUserInfo.id ? newUserInfo : prevUser,
309          ),
310      );
311    },
312    // onSettled: () => queryClient.invalidateQueries({ queryKey: ['users'] }), //refetch users after mutation, disabled for demo
313  });
314}
315
316//DELETE hook (delete user in api)
317function useDeleteUser() {
318  const queryClient = useQueryClient();
319  return useMutation({
320    mutationFn: async (userId: string) => {
321      //send api update request here
322      await new Promise((resolve) => setTimeout(resolve, 1000)); //fake api call
323      return Promise.resolve();
324    },
325    //client side optimistic update
326    onMutate: (userId: string) => {
327      queryClient.setQueryData(
328        ['users'],
329        (prevUsers: any) =>
330          prevUsers?.filter((user: User) => user.id !== userId),
331      );
332    },
333    // onSettled: () => queryClient.invalidateQueries({ queryKey: ['users'] }), //refetch users after mutation, disabled for demo
334  });
335}
336
337const queryClient = new QueryClient();
338
339const ExampleWithProviders = () => (
340  //Put this with your other react-query providers near root of your app
341  <QueryClientProvider client={queryClient}>
342    <Example />
343  </QueryClientProvider>
344);
345
346export default ExampleWithProviders;
347
348const validateRequired = (value: string) => !!value.length;
349const validateEmail = (email: string) =>
350  !!email.length &&
351  email
352    .toLowerCase()
353    .match(
354      /^(([^<>()[\]\\.,;:\s@"]+(\.[^<>()[\]\\.,;:\s@"]+)*)|(".+"))@((\[[0-9]{1,3}\.[0-9]{1,3}\.[0-9]{1,3}\.[0-9]{1,3}\])|(([a-zA-Z\-0-9]+\.)+[a-zA-Z]{2,}))$/,
355    );
356
357function validateUser(user: User) {
358  return {
359    firstName: !validateRequired(user.firstName)
360      ? 'First Name is Required'
361      : '',
362    lastName: !validateRequired(user.lastName) ? 'Last Name is Required' : '',
363    email: !validateEmail(user.email) ? 'Incorrect Email Format' : '',
364  };
365}
366

Customizing Editing Components

You can pass any Material UI TextField Props with the muiEditTextFieldProps table option.

const columns = [
  {
    accessor: 'age',
    header: 'Age',
    muiEditTextFieldProps: {
      required: true,
      type: 'number',
      variant: 'outlined',
    },
  },
];

Add Validation to Editing Components

You can add validation to the editing components by using the muiEditTextFieldProps events. You can write your validation logic and hook it up to the onBlur, onChange, etc., events, then set the error and helperText props accordingly.

If you are implementing validation, you may also need to use the onEditingRowCancel table option to clear the validation error state.

const [validationErrors, setValidationErrors] = useState({});

const columns = [
  {
    accessor: 'age',
    header: 'Age',
    muiEditTextFieldProps: {
      error: !!validationErrors.age, //highlight mui text field red error color
      helperText: validationErrors.age, //show error message in helper text.
      required: true,
      type: 'number',
      onChange: (event) => {
        const value = event.target.value;
        //validation logic
        if (!value) {
          setValidationErrors((prev) => ({ ...prev, age: 'Age is required' }));
        } else if (value < 18) {
          setValidationErrors({
            ...validationErrors,
            age: 'Age must be 18 or older',
          });
        } else {
          delete validationErrors.age;
          setValidationErrors({ ...validationErrors });
        }
      },
    },
  },
];

Use Custom Editing Components

If you need to use a much more complicated Editing component than the built-in textfield, you can specify a custom editing component with the Edit column definition option.

const columns = [
  {
    accessorKey: 'email',
    header: 'Email',
    Edit: ({ cell, column, row, table }) => {
      const onBlur = (event) => {
        row._valuesCache[column.id] = event.target.value;
        if (isCreating) {
          setCreatingRow(row);
        } else if (isEditing) {
          setEditingRow(row);
        }
      };

      return <CustomInput onBlur={onBlur} />;
    },
  },
];

Customize Actions/Edit Column

You can customize the actions column in a few different ways in the displayColumnDefOptions prop's 'mrt-row-actions' section.

const table = useMaterialReactTable({
  columns,
  data,
  displayColumnDefOptions: {
    'mrt-row-actions': {
      header: 'Edit', //change "Actions" to "Edit"
      size: 120,
      //use a text button instead of a icon button
      Cell: ({ row, table }) => (
        <Button onClick={() => table.setEditingRow(row)}>Edit Customer</Button>
      ),
    },
  },
});